|
Khouw Kim An, Majoor der Chinezen (1875-1945) was a prominent Chinese Indonesian public figure, patrician and landowner who served as the last Majoor der Chinezen ("Major of the Chinese") of Batavia, Dutch East Indies (now Jakarta). The Chinese Mayoralty was the highest-ranking, Chinese government position in the East Indies with considerable political and judicial jurisdiction over the colony's Chinese subjects. The Batavian Mayoralty was one of the oldest public institutions in the Dutch colonial empire, perhaps second only in antiquity to the viceregal post of Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies. ==Family and Background== Khouw Kim An Sia was born in Batavia to the ninth concubine of his father, Khouw Tjeng Tjoan, Luitenant der Chinezen ("Lieutenant of the Chinese"), a potentate and patriarch of the Khouw family of Tamboen, arguably the richest clan among the ''baba bangsawan'', or Chinese gentry, of Batavia. As the son of an Opsir Tionghoa, Kim An received the courtesy title of ''Sia''. The origin of his family goes back to a certain Khouw Tjoen, a merchant who migrated from Fujian to Tegal on Java's north coast, before finally buying landed estates and settling down in Batavia in the late eighteenth century. His son, Khouw Tian Sek, benefited from Batavia's great urban expansion in the early nineteenth century, when a lot of his formerly rural land suddenly became prime urban property. He vastly increased his wealth through the acquisition of revenue farms, and bought many particuliere landerijen, or domains, around Batavia, the most important of which was Tamboen. His family progressed from being merely wealthy to becoming Batavia's largest landowning dynasty. All three of his sons, Tjeng Tjoan, Tjeng Kie and Tjeng Po, were elevated to the titular dignity of Luitenants der Chinezen. The future Majoor's older cousin, Khouw Yauw Kie, Kapitein der Chinezen ("Captain of the Chinese"), preceded him as the family's first representative on the governing Chinese Raad, or Kong Koan, of Batavia. Khouw Kim An received a traditional Chinese education grounded in the Chinese Classics. He had a good grasp of both Mandarin and Hokkien in addition to his native Batavian Malay. He was also instructed by private tutors in European languages, including Dutch which he spoke fluently. The future Majoor's Chinese training, however, stands in sharp contrast to the Dutch education of many in his generation and class, including his cousin, the naturalised Dutchman and philanthropist O. G. Khouw. This familiarity with Chinese culture gave him a distinct advantage in his career as the head and public face of the Chinese in the colony. At the age of 18, Khouw was married Phoa Tji Nio, the daughter of a well-connected official. Her father, Phoa Keng Hek, was a respected community leader, social activist and the founding President of Tiong Hoa Hwe Koan (THHK). Tji Nio and her husband had four sons and two daughters. The family lived in Buitenzorg (now Bogor) until Khouw inherited Candra Naya, one of Batavia's grandest historic mansions, from his cousin, Khouw Yauw Kie. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Khouw Kim An」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|